Earth science and hydrology
- Houfeng didong yi (Zhang Heng seismoscope) Zhang Heng · 132
- Stratigraphic column No single originator; conceptual basis Nicolaus Steno (1669) · 1600s-1800s
- Geological cross-section John Strachey (earliest known); developed by William Smith · 1719
- Charpentier geological map Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Charpentier · 1778
- Geological map William Smith · 1815
- Cotidal chart William Whewell · 1833
- Mineral paragenesis chart August Breithaupt (concept); chart form conventional · 1849-1900s
- Structure contour map Benjamin Smith Lyman · 1870
- Block diagram William Morris Davis (technique); Armin Kohl Lobeck (codified) · 1880s-1924
- Rippl mass curve Wenzel Rippl · 1883
- Hypsographic curve John Murray (1888); Erwin Kossinna (modern form) · 1888-1933
- Stage-discharge rating curve USGS stream-gauging practice; no single originator · 1890s
- Seismic travel-time curve Richard Dixon Oldham (empirical); Karl Zoeppritz (theoretical) · 1897-1907
- Chemograph Hydrochemistry practice; no single originator · 1900s
- Fence (panel) diagram Subsurface geology practice; no single originator · 1900s
- Flow-duration curve US hydrologic practice; no single originator · 1900s
- Hyetograph Hydrologic practice; no single originator · 1900s
- Pie hydrochemical diagram Hydrogeology practice; no single originator · 1900s
- Seismic record section Exploration seismology practice; no single originator · 1900s
- Stereonet (Wulff and Schmidt nets) G. Wulff; W. Schmidt · 1902/1925
- Harker variation diagram Alfred Harker · 1909
- Thiessen polygons A.H. Thiessen · 1911
- Varve diagram Gerard Jacob De Geer · 1912
- ACF and AKF diagrams Pentti Eelis Eskola · 1915
- T-S (temperature-salinity) diagram Bjørn Helland-Hansen · 1916
- Isopach map American petroleum geology practice; no single originator · 1920s
- Collins bar diagram W.D. Collins · 1923
- Focal mechanism (beachball) diagram Hidezo Nakano (method); Perry Byerly (teleseismic solutions) · 1923-1928
- Electrical well log Conrad Schlumberger, Marcel Schlumberger and Henri-Georges Doll · 1927
- Double-mass curve US hydrologic practice; standardised by James Searcy and Clayton Hardison · 1930s-1960
- Intensity-duration-frequency curves Charles W. Sherman · 1931
- Physiographic diagram Erwin Josephus Raisz · 1931
- Maucha star diagram Rezső Maucha · 1932
- Unit hydrograph L.K. Sherman · 1932
- Wadati diagram Kiyoo Wadati · 1933
- Hjulström curve Filip Hjulström · 1935
- Shields diagram Albert Frank Shields · 1936
- USDA soil texture triangle United States Department of Agriculture · 1938
- AFM diagram Lawrence Rickard Wager and William Alexander Deer · 1939
- Bartels musical diagram Julius Bartels (with N. H. Heck and H. F. Johnston) · 1939
- Depth-area-duration curves US Weather Bureau and Corps of Engineers practice; no single originator · 1940s
- Hill trilinear water diagram Raymond Allan Hill · 1940
- Piper trilinear diagram Arthur M. Piper · 1944
- SMB wave forecasting curves Harald Ulrik Sverdrup and Walter Heinrich Munk; revised by Charles Bretschneider (1952) · 1947
- Durov diagram S.A. Durov · 1948
- Mississippi River Basin Model US Army Corps of Engineers · 1949
- Stiff diagram H.A. Stiff Jr. · 1951
- Folk sediment triangle Robert Louis Folk · 1954
- Shepard sediment triangle Francis Parker Shepard · 1954
- Wilcox / US Salinity Lab diagram Richards (USDA Handbook 60); Wilcox · 1954-1955
- Schoeller semi-log diagram Henri Schoeller · 1955
- Passega C-M diagram Renato Passega · 1957
- San Francisco Bay Model US Army Corps of Engineers · 1957
- Thompson AFM projection James Burleigh Thompson Jr. · 1957
- Volumetric temperature-salinity diagram R. B. Montgomery · 1958
- Kamb contouring William Barclay Kamb · 1959
- Chondrite-normalised REE plot Akimasa Masuda; Charles DuBois Coryell, Jack W. Chase and John W. Winchester · 1962-1963
- Paleocurrent rose diagram Paul Edwin Potter and Francis John Pettijohn (synthesis) · 1963
- Visher grain-size probability plot Glenn Spaulding Visher · 1969
- Gibbs water-chemistry diagram Ronald J. Gibbs · 1970
- Multi-element spider diagram Generalised from the REE plot; no single originator · 1970s-1980s
- Pearce-Cann discrimination diagram Julian Andrew Pearce and John Robert Cann · 1973
- QAPF double-triangle diagram Albert Streckeisen · 1976
- QFL provenance diagram William R. Dickinson and Christopher A. Suczek · 1979
- TAS (total alkali-silica) diagram Maurice John Le Bas, Roger Walter Le Maitre, Albert Streckeisen and Bruno Zanettin · 1986