Before the modern era, and beyond the West
- Abauntz engraved stone map Unknown; identified by Pilar Utrilla and colleagues · 13660 BP
- Catalhoyuk town plan Unknown · 6200 BCE
- Luoshu and Hetu diagrams Anonymous; named and paired by Song scholars · 1st century CE - 12th century
- Macrobian zonal map Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius; surviving copies medieval · 400
- Isidore rota diagram Isidore of Seville · 600-625
- T-O map Isidore of Seville (scheme) · 7th-8th century
- Dunhuang star atlas Tang dynasty China; maker unknown · 700
- Fu Xi circular hexagram arrangement Formalised by Shao Yong; traditionally attributed to Fu Xi · 11th century
- Byrhtferth diagram Byrhtferth of Ramsey · 1011
- Book of Curiosities rectangular world map Anonymous, Fatimid Egypt · 1020-1050
- al-Biruni lunar phase diagrams Abu Rayhan al-Biruni · 1029
- Taijitu Zhou Dunyi; Daoist antecedents contested · 1070s
- Kâşgarlı Mahmud world map Kâşgarlı Mahmud (Mahmud al-Kashgari) · 1072-1074
- Liber Floridus diagrams Lambert of Saint-Omer · 1120
- Yu Ji Tu grid map Song dynasty China; carver unknown · 1136
- Arbor consanguinitatis Canon-law manuscript tradition; no single maker · 1140
- Peter of Poitiers Compendium Peter of Poitiers · 1175-1205
- Joachim of Fiore figurae Joachim of Fiore; compiled posthumously · 1200
- Mixtec screenfold codex Mixtec scribes · 1300-1500
- Rashid al-Din genealogical diagrams Rashid al-Din Hamadani · 1306-1307
- Merdiban (staircase) accounting layout Abdullah b. Muhammad b. Kiya al-Mazandarani · 1363
- Catalan Atlas Abraham Cresques · 1375
- Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Royal astronomers of King Taejo of Joseon · 1395
- Borgia map Unknown; engraved on metal, now in the Vatican · 1430
- Silsilename (Ottoman genealogical scroll) Ottoman court historiography (after Persian models) · 16th-19th c.
- Matrakçı Nasuh itinerary views Matrakçı Nasuh · 1537
- Anatomical flap sheet Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder; later Vesalius · 1538
- Codex Mendoza tribute list Nahua tlacuilo scribes at Tlatelolco, for Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza · 1541
- Zübdetü't-tevârih genealogical tree Seyyid Lokman; illustrated by Nakkaş Osman · 1583