How a group spreads

Studied from its original page

Zeuner three-dimensional frequency surface

Zeuner three-dimensional frequency surface · the curved surface of the living (krumme Fläche)

Made by
Gustav Zeuner
Year
1869
Field
Statistics
Kind
Data display
Room
How a group spreads
Zeuner three-dimensional frequency surface
Plate from Zeuner 1869, Abhandlungen aus der mathematischen StatistikInternet Archive, University of Michigan

See the original page — Fig. 1, printed p. 9 (leaf n22); Fig. 3 on p. 15 (leaf n28, https://archive.org/download/abhandlungenaus00zeungoog/page/n28_w2000.jpg)

Published 1869 (A) and Zeuner died in 1907, so life+70 ended in 1977 (B).

The data it needs

  • birth_time position · temporal · year
  • age position · quantitative · years
  • survivors value (height) · count · persons

Built in 8 steps, as its maker described

Fig. 1, in-text woodcut, printed p. 9 (leaf n22); Fig. 2, p. 13 (leaf n26, blank in this scan); Fig. 3, p. 15 (leaf n28); construction and sections pp. 9-16 (leaves n22-n29)

Skeleton drawing, not the original plate

3 other forms share this skeleton

Source

Zeuner 1869, Abhandlungen aus der mathematischen Statistik

Attribution less certain: contested, or no single inventor recorded

Searches, not citations

archive.orgcommons.wikimedia.orgscholar.google.com